[4] Larger-scale migration from Japan to Singapore is believed to have begun in the early 1870s, shortly after the Meiji Restoration.

[5] Singapore's first resident of Japanese origin is believed to be Yamamoto Otokichi, from Mihama, Aichi.

[10] Prostitutes were the vanguard of what one pair of scholars describe as the "karayuki-led economic advance into Southeast Asia".

[14] In spite of the ban, many attempted to continue their profession clandestinely; however, both the Singaporean and Japanese governments made efforts to clamp down on the trade.

However, it would recover somewhat after that, aided by devaluation of the yen and the consequent increase in competitiveness of Japanese products in Southeast Asian markets.

[24] Since the mid-1980s, the vast majority of Japanese expatriates come to Singapore as families, with the father employed as a manager or engineer, while the wife stays at home with the children.

Only a small minority of Japanese families send their children to non-Japanese international schools.

Both schools hold annual festivals open to members of the public who are interested in Japanese culture.

As the Japanese community in Singapore grew in the 1970s, they applied political pressure to promote the upgrading of existing golf courses and development of new ones.

Though other expatriates, as well as members of the local upper-middle-class, also spoke out in support of the improvement of golfing facilities in Singapore, generally the Japanese were described as making the most forceful demands.

[37] Japanese membership in golf associations grew so quickly that many established quotas on the number of foreign members with the express purpose of preventing their "inundation" with Japanese expatriate and tourists and also established a two-track pricing system, with higher prices for foreigners than locals.

[38] Due to the expense of playing golf in Singapore, lower-level Japanese personnel tend to head to neighbouring countries in search of cheaper green fees.

[39] Other popular leisure pursuits include tennis, football, swimming, Mandarin and English language training as well as cooking classes.