He studied history at the Charles University in Prague under Czech Václav Vladivoj Tomek and German Konstantin Höfler.
In 1871 he worked at the University of Göttingen where he was influenced by positivist Georg Waitz.
In 1875, he began teaching at the University of Prague, where he worked until his retirement in the year 1910.
He also devoted a study personalities of Czech history (Komenský, Palacký, Chelčický).
He gave private lessons later Emperor Charles I during his studies in Prague.