The Old Hamilton County Jail and the First United Methodist Church in Jasper are on the National Register of Historic Places.

Jasper is believed to rest on land originally thought to be the site of the Miccosukee (Mikasukis) people, a subtribe of the Seminole nation.

The 1823 Treaty of Moultrie bought the Native American lands, and the population was required to move southeast of the Suwannee River.

Six miles north of Jasper along the Alapaha River an established Native village called Halata-Micco (Hala-at-a-Mico) (named for Chief Billy Bowlegs of the Seminole, who may have resided there) once stood.

Daniel Bell, living just outside the settlement in 1824, was county judge in 1828, appointed under the authority of the Acting Territorial Governor McCarty in Tallahassee.

Legend has it that Bell, also considered to be the first settler of the county, disagreed with the names that were coming into use for places in the area.

The early history and specific makeup of Jasper is rather vague except for scant records that survived several courthouse fires in the late 1800s.

What we do know is that the original town was built about a mile south of its current location, near the site of the present day Hamilton Correctional Institution.

The unit rendezvoused west of Jacksonville and were shipped by train to Virginia, arriving on the day of the First Battle of Manassas.

They were eventually made a part of the First Corps (Stonewall Jackson's) of the Army of Northern Virginia led by General Robert E. Lee.

In 1865, the Savannah, Florida, and Western railway was completed, and a depot was built about a mile north of the town center.

The town grew in earnest between 1890 and 1930, with a rich trade in turpentine, tobacco, cotton, and pine lumber.

In 2002, city officials extended the city limits and infrastructure to the intersection of US 129 and Interstate 75, and built infrastructure (water and sewer) with the help of county officials to the Hamilton County Industrial Park along US 41 in order to encourage economic growth and development.

The large jump in population between 2000 (1,780) and 2010 (4,546) was due to the incorporation of land containing the Hamilton County Correctional Facility into the city limits.