Javad Khan
However, at the insistence of colonel Stepan Burnashev, head of the Russian military-diplomatic mission in Georgia, Heraclius refused the treaty and demanded from Ibrahim Khalil to abandon Ganja to his authority in full.
At the beginning of 1787, Heraclius, who had up to 6000 soldiers under arms, suggested that colonel Burnashev make a joint campaign against Ganja and Karabakh.
Armenians from the territory of the Ganja Khanate in the amount of 2500 households also decided to move to Georgia under the leadership of melik Misail, the former envoy of Javad Khan.
However, the meliks, who had been waiting for this campaign for a long time, turned to Heraclius II with a request to help them resettle in Georgia.
[7] The negotiations that began with Javad Khan were suddenly interrupted, because on September 13 an order came from Pavel Potemkin on the immediate withdrawal of Russian battalions from the South Caucasus due to the start of the Russian-Turkish war.
For this purpose, Prince Georgi Tsitsishvili and Gurgen bek Enikolopashvili were Georgian ambassadors to Quba, while Mirza Rahim, Fatali Khan's envoy Haji, was sent to Tiflis.
This circumstance made it possible for Heraclius not only to strengthen his rear, but also to have an ally in the fight against the Karabakh Khan, who dominated Ganja.
Allies worked out a plan of coordinated actions against Karabakh Khanate and divided the spheres of influence: Heraclius took the entire South Caucasus, Fatali Khan was to control Iranian Azerbaijan.
However, immediately after the meeting Fath Ali Khan fell ill, left for Baku to stay with his sister died there on 22 March 1789, which made it easier for Javad to resume his reign.
[13] Since the main objective was Georgia, Agha Mohammad Khan was willing to have Karabakh secured by this agreement for now, for he and his army subsequently moved further.
[13] While at Ganja, having secured Shirvan, he was joined by Javad Khan, Armenian meliks Abov and Mejlum and the rest of his right wing contingent.
[16] When in May 1796 the troops of Heraclius II approached the walls of Ganja, they were able to return 400 prisoners who were in Ganja and, not wanting to complicate the situation, returned to Tiflis, waiting for promised Russian support, as Queen Catherine used the sack of Tiflis to justify an invasion of the South Caucasus in March 1796, and issued a manifesto, written in Persian and Armenian, addressed to all the khans and other lords.
[3] Javad Khan, in his September appeal to Zubov, mentioning the Iranian threat, asked for the speedy arrival of Russian troops in Ganja.
Such a motivation, apparently, was chosen by Javad Khan to please the Russian government, to whose protection he wanted to join due to the threat from Karabakh and Kartli-Kakheti.
Javad Khan personally presented the keys to the city gates, trying to show himself as a loyal man and even signed swore of fealty.
Touched by the memory, Ali-Sultan immediately appeared to Javad Khan, submitted to him and renounced all claims to control.
But, accusing Javad Khan of not showing resistance to the Russians, Agha Muhammad Shah, under the threat of execution, imprisoned him.
However, the relocation of Russian troops to Georgia clearly contradicted the aspirations of many rulers of South Caucasus and Dagestan, as well as the Iranian Shah, who were aware of Russia's far-sighted policy towards this region.
Umma V despite the Russian protection on August 26, 1800, began to make frequent raids on Eastern Georgia, as well as on the nearby regions, including the Ganja Khanate.
However, judging by the letter, in the struggle with the troops of Javad Khan, the Mountainers were defeated, having lost the battle with 104 dead and 30 captives.
This is correct, but the first day that you entered Georgia, we wrote to you and sent men and made it clear that the Nasib is our servant and he has become rebellious and he had seized the belongings of the merchants under our command and we thought that you were the servant of the [Russian] king and you would do justice to the Court and take back the belongings of our merchants and hand us Nasib and other Shamss al-dinlu's who have become rebellious to us, but you did nothing.
From the time that you came to Shamss al-Dinlu and brought our people under your command, we have been preparing and we are ready for the day of battle if you want to fight.
Tsitsianov's terms for Javad were to accept Russian citizenship with 20000 rubles of annual tribute, waivering all claims over Shamshadil and send his son Hossein Qoli as hostage to Tiflis.
Some members of his family were able to escape to Tabriz, while others remaining in Ganja fled to Samukh, whose ruler Shirin beg submitted to Tsitsianov.
"[35] Russian general Sergey Tuchkov considered Tsitsianov used excessive bloodshed and Javad khan preferred to die instead of accepting such terms.
"[37] Spanish military officer Juan Van Halen during his visit to Yelisavetpol talking about Khan, wrote that "my limits will not allow me to relate all that is said of the conduct of this Khan, who exercised unheard-of cruelties on all those who were subject to his authority, and who delighted in making even his wives and children suffer the most excruciating torments for the most trifling fault they committed.
According to Jamil Hasanli, the khan "displayed a heroism in battle which fills the glorious early pages of Azerbaijani diplomacy".
[39] Samad Seyidov, chairman of the Azerbaijani delegation to Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) also considers him as a hero.
Ismail Khan Ziyadkhanov was a member of the First State Duma of the Russian empire, and later a prominent activist of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic.
[45] Javad Khan is a central character in Sabir Rustamkhanli's Pinnacle of Death (Azerbaijani: Ölüm Zirvəsi) novel.
