Jean Alexander Heinrich Clapier de Colongue (Russian: Ivan Petrovich de-Kolong; Иван Петрович де-Колонг; Latvian: Johans Aleksandrs Heinrihs Klapje de Kolongs) (6 March [O.S.

[citation needed] He studied at the Naval Academy in Saint Petersburg and from 1870 he worked there as a lecturer.

Starting in 1878 he was head of the Navy's Main Hydrographical Administration.

In 1875, he constructed a deflector (a new type of compass baffle) and later improved upon its design.

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