Matthey won the French Open Women's Singles Championship four times in succession from 1909 to 1912, but lost the 1913 final to Marguerite Broquedis.

At Chantilly she defeated 14 year old-Suzanne Lenglen in the semifinal and Kate Gillou-Fenwick in the final.

[3] In 1927 she received the bronze Medal of Honour for public assistance (médaille d'honneur de l'assistance publique) for her services as a nurse.

[7] In 1952 she was named a knight in the Legion of Honour, in 1958 she became an officer and in 1962 she was promoted to the rank of commander.

[3] During World War II she was active in the resistance, tasked with relaying messages, and after being arrested and tortured by the Gestapo was interned in German concentration camps in 1945.