Jeffrey Deroine

After a decade of legal proceedings and delays, Deroine lost his case, but his freedom was likely purchased by either the Indian trader Andrew S. Hughes or the Ioway chief Francis White Cloud in 1832.

His reputation for his linguistic skills led to Deroin's employment as translator for the Office of Indian Affairs, although his hiring required the intervention of William Clark because of his status as a former slave.

In 1844 he accompanied Francis White Cloud and a group of Ioway on a tour of Europe sponsored by George Catlin (who called him "Doraway") which was widely celebrated at the time.

[3] His interpretation of their languages was so clear and intelligent that he not only made a favorable impression upon all the dignitaries of the foreign courts at which they were received, but, it is said, fascinated a lady of high title -- Disraeli had frequent conversations with him and showed him marked attention ...

[2] After leaving the government, Deroine became a prosperous farmer at St. Joseph, Missouri, owning "several thousand dollars worth of property" at the time of his death.