Jeltje van Nieuwenhoven (born 2 August 1943) is a retired Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA) and librarian.

In parliament she showed a particular interest the Netherlands Public Broadcasting, media and culture, and was the party's spokesperson on these matters.

In 1985 she voted, against the majority of her parliamentary party, for the Beckers motion which would have removed all nuclear weapons from the Netherlands and in 1997 she voted for the Rouvoet motion to allow the Gümüs family to remain in the Netherlands, once more against the majority of her parliamentary party.

As a prominent member of parliament, Van Nieuwenhoven held several positions within the world of the arts.

Furthermore, she was a member of the board of the Dutch Film Festival and chaired that of the VSB Poetry Prize.

In 2002 she did not stand for reelection and instead became chairperson ad interim of her own parliamentary party, which was a considerable crisis, after losing the elections.

In November 2002 she stood for election of chairperson and top candidate for her own party, but was convincingly beaten by Wouter Bos.

In 2005 she was rewarded with the Golden Pin of the PvdA, which had previously been given only to Joop den Uyl and Max van der Stoel.