Following the 1933 general election, Van Schaik was appointed as Minister of Justice in the Colijn II cabinet, taking office on 26 May 1933.

After the 1937 general election, Van Schaik returned to the House of Representatives and became the parliamentary leader of the Roman Catholic State Party on 9 June 1937.

Van Schaik was re-elected as Speaker of the House of Representatives following the appointment of Piet Aalberse Sr. to the Council of State, taking office on 11 November 1937.

During World War II, Van Schaik continued to serve as the de jure Speaker of the House of Representatives, but in reality his political influence was marginalized and he spent most of the German occupation secluded.

Van Schaik served as acting Minister of Transport and Water Management from 7 August 1948 until 1 November 1948, until the installation of Derk Spitzen.