Jeremiah C. Sullivan (July 21, 1794 – December 6, 1870) was a justice of the Indiana Supreme Court from 1837 to 1846 and coined the name "Indianapolis" for the new state capital.

After serving in the War of 1812, during which he rose to the rank of major, he returned to Virginia to study law.

On his way, he was told of the opportunities offered by Madison, Indiana, a new and growing town on the banks of the Ohio River.

He helped found nearby Hanover College and the Indiana Historical Society.

Jonathan Jennings, the first Governor of Indiana, quickly appointed him prosecuting attorney in Madison and within three years of his arrival he was elected a member of the state legislature.