Located in the southeastern corner of the county, it borders the following townships: Parts of two municipalities are located in Jerome Township: the village of Plain City in the southwest, and the city of Dublin in the southeast.

The unincorporated communities of Arnold, Jerome, and New California are also located within the township.

[6] In the Civil War, 367 residents of Jerome Township enlisted to fight.

This was a remarkably high level, 151 more than were recognized as voters (only 216) and fully 25% of the population of 1398.

[7] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.