[1][2][3] As Japanese footwear evolved, tabi also changed, with the split-toe design emerging towards the late Heian period to allow the wearer to accommodate the thong of waraji straw sandals to reinforce the sole.
[4] Outdoor versions of tabi involved some kind of reinforcement, as seen in the historical photographs above, with soles traditionally made of cloth, leather, or straw.
[10] Jika-tabi are known as footwear commonly used by construction workers, farmers, gardeners, rickshaw-pullers and other labourers, due to the tough material and heavy-duty but flexible rubber soles they are made from.
A variation of jika-tabi known as matsuri tabi is so called due to commonly being worn for festivals; this variety features extra cushioning in the sole for comfort.
Examples include The Wolverine, 47 Ronin, Big Hero 6, Star Trek, Thor: The Dark World, Ahsoka, The Mandalorian, and Black Panther.