Jim Corbett National Park

[2] Corbett National Park comprises 520.8 km2 (201.1 sq mi) area of hills, riverine belts, marshy depressions, grasslands and a large lake.

[8] The Raja of Tehri formally ceded a part of his princely state to the East India Company in return for their assistance in ousting the Gurkhas from his domain.

[8] Efforts to save the forests of the region began in the 19th century under Major Ramsay, the British officer who was in-charge of the area during those times.

The first step in the protection of the area began in 1868 when the British forest department established control over the land and prohibited cultivation and the operation of cattle stations.

[9] Corbett National Park is one of the thirteen protected areas covered by the World Wide Fund For Nature under their Terai Arc Landscape Program.

[12] Jim Corbett National Park is located partly along Doon Valley between the Lesser Himalaya in the north and the Siwalik Hills in the south; it has a sub-Himalayan belt structure.

[3] The upper tertiary rocks are exposed towards the base of the Shiwalik range and hard sandstone units form broad ridges.

[3] Characteristic longitudinal valleys, geographically termed Doons, or Duns can be seen formed along the narrow tectonic zones between lineaments.

[14] More than 586 species of resident and migratory birds have been sighted, including the crested serpent eagle, blossom-headed parakeet and the red junglefowl, owls and nightjars.

[19] A major incident in the history of the reserve followed the construction of a dam at the Kalagarh river and the submerging of 80 km2 (31 sq mi) of prime low lying riverine area.

The reservoir formed due to the submerging of land has also led to an increase in aquatic fauna and has additionally served as a habitat for winter migrants.

[24] Vines, herbs, grasses and small trees began to appear, followed by herbaceous flora, eventually leading to natural forest type.

It was observed that grass began to grow on the vacated agricultural fields and the adjoining forest areas started recuperating.

The newly arisen lush green fields attracted grass eating animals, mainly deer and elephants, who slowly migrated towards these areas and even remained during the monsoon.

Natural resources like trees and grasses are exploited by the local population while encroachment of at least of 13.62 ha (33.7 acres) by 74 families has been recorded.

[10] The Indian government has approved the construction of a 12 km (7.5 mi) stone masonry wall on the southern boundary of the reserve where it comes in direct contact with agricultural fields.

[10] In April 2008, the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) expressed serious concern that protection systems have weakened, and poachers have infiltrated into this park.

NTCA said that in the "absence of ongoing monitoring protocol in a standardised manner, it would be impossible to forecast and keep track of untoward happenings in the area targeted by poachers."

Constantly increasing vehicle traffic on this road is affecting the wildlife of crucial ranges like Jhirna, Kotirau and Dhara.

The Kalagarh irrigation colony that takes up about 5 km2 (1.9 sq mi) of the park is yet to be vacated despite a 2007 Supreme Court order.

[28] An economic assessment study of Jim Corbett Tiger Reserve estimated its annual flow benefits to be ₹14.7 billion (1.14 lakh / hectare).

Landscape in Jim Corbett National Park
Morning fog in winter, Dhikala, Dec 2019
Forest in Jim Corbett National Park
A chital stag in Jim Corbett National Park
Friendly tussle of tuskers at Dhikala grassland
A tiger walking on the river bed
Early-morning encounter with a sambar deer in Jim Corbett National Park, on a guided elephant tour from the Dhikala tourist lodge.
Young Indian elephant bull charging a jeep
An elephant herd at Jim Corbett National Park