[3][4] Through his work, Jin Tianhe expressed his desire for gender equality and criticized the backwardness of China's social relations and government, while praising the West for their non-oppressive ideologies.
[1] However, after failing his imperial civil service examination, Jin Tianhe turned to statecraft (jingshi) learning to gain acceptance from the elite.
[3] In the title of the treatise, Jin Tianhe uses the imagery of a bell to call for systematic support for women's rights, education, marriage, suffrage and freedom.
[5] To defeat this, Jin Tianhe suggested that their inherently emotional nature can be overcome by education and that the future generation of women would not experience this kind of gullibility.
[5] In the third chapter, Jin highlights the "four great obstructions for women" (女子之品性): foot-binding (纏足), decorative clothing (裝飾), superstition (迷信), and restrictions on movement (拘束).
[3] Working with other male intellectuals like Jiang Weiqiao (蔣維喬, 1873 – 1958), Jin Tianhe contributed to the progressive journal and heavily supported gender equality by fighting for women's education, rights, and suffrage.
"[3] In the preface of the first issue, Jin Tianhe likens the rise of "female national people" to "the flowers of civilization" (文明之花) and used hyperbolic imagery of nature to assert his belief that women's rights could cure China of any existing inequality or weakness [3] Despite the influence of nujie, Jin Tianhe's desire for a "women's world" was criticized by fellow contributors to the journal.
[citation needed] The developer of the five main characters, Jin Tianhe's original intent was to criticize Russian–Chinese relations, and to once more express his dislike for the Qing dynasty and promote democracy.
[1] This term has pervaded the twentieth century, as nujie is often expressed by a large number of actors when discussing their own nationalist motives through public speeches, the media, and fiction.
In the late twentieth history, feminist historian Li Yu-ning issued a facsimile reprint of the 1903 edition with an extended scholarly commentary (published by Outer sky Press) in 2003.