Jinchuan campaigns

The Qianlong Emperor decided to mobilize forces and suppress Slob Dpon, who surrendered to the central government in 1749.

The provincial government ordered Sonom to return lands and accept the trial at the Ministry of Justice immediately.

The Gyalrong (Chinese: 嘉绒人; Tibetan: རྒྱལ་རོང་; Wylie: rgyal rong) are a Qiangic people who live in the Northwest Sichuan, China.

The Ming dynasty set up the Tusi system in Sichuan and Tibet to stabilize cultural conflicts between Confucian central government and Buddhist tribes.

By the end of the Ming dynasty, the Tusi system was unable to adapt to the rapid changes of society.

Ji Shan realized the emergence of this sudden event and Slob Dpon's ambitions.

[6] The corrupt Qing army failed to defeat Slob Dpon's untrained tribe warriors under highland climate.

One year later, Qianlong ordered one of his Grand Secretariats Necin to reinforce Zhang's army with more than 40,000 soldiers.

Qianlong executed Zhang in December under the charge of disadvantageous commanding Heaven's army.

[1] Slob Dpon surrendered, and he agreed to pay as tribute thousands of silver taels and many golden Buddha statues to save his life.

Lang Kashi wanted to fulfill his uncle's legacy and wishes of becoming the new Tibetan King.

He united some Tusi, recruited warriors, built defenses and implemented anti-Qing education in Jinchuan.

Skal bzang (Chinese: 僧格桑) was a friend of Sonom, they dropped the family hatred and formed a military alliance.

Wenfu led the west front to attack Lesser Jinchuan, and Guilin struck from the south.

Wenfu was unstoppable, but Guilin's general Xue Zong was surrounded by the enemy at Heilong Valley in Kangding.

In November 1772, Agui realized that Skal bzang's command post was located in Meidu Lama Temple, north of the Lesser Jinchuan Stream.

[7] Agui sent a message to Sonom promising that if he handed over Skal bzang, the Qing army would retreat and admit his role as the Tibet King.

Unexpectedly, Greater Jinchuan gathered elite forces and struck during a snow storm.

He ordered an immediate reinforcement with stockpiles of firearms and imported heavy cannons for Agui's army.

Agui refused to accept the surrender because Qianlong did not want to see a third campaign against Jinchuan.

The Qing's decisive victory against Jinchuan rebel Tusi was documented by historical records.

The central government established states and counties in Sichuan, solidified control over the minorities and increased cultural exchange between Zhongyuan (Chinese: 中原) and border areas.

The war against Dzungar costed 23 million silver taels, and expanded the territory of the Qing by over 1,500,000 km2.

Compared to the total cost of 130 million silver taels of Qianlong's Ten Great Campaigns,[2] the tremendous relative cost of the Jinchuan campaigns accelerated the economic crisis of the Qing dynasty.

However, the campaigns unified China proper and improved the stature of the imperial court and its policies.

Attack on mountain Raipang. Most battles in Jinchuan took place in the mountains.
Agui's portrait
The Conquest of Geer Cliff
Aba County today