[1][2][3] In research, a jangle fallacy is the inference that two measures (e.g., tests, scales) with different names measure different constructs.
By comparison, a jingle fallacy is the assumption that two measures which are called by the same name capture the same construct.
[4][5][6] An example of the jangle fallacy can be found in tests designed to assess emotional intelligence.
[7] An example of the jingle fallacy is that personality and values are sometimes conflated and treated as the same construct.
[8] Jingle and jangle fallacies make it challenging to review literatures for meta-analysis.