Jisi Incident

The Ming official Liu Zhilun attempted to thwart the Jin invaders with two units of gunners, but his men mutinied and they died under a volley of arrows.

At that point the Chongzhen Emperor started pleading the high officials in the capital to use their own personal funds and horses to supply the army.

[2] As the Jin army was about to assault the northern wall of Beijing, Yuan Chonghuan and Zu Dashou arrived from the northeast with reinforcements and drove back the invaders.

Zu Dashou attempted similar operations, but was also defeated by Jin cavalry and forced to flee east.

[3] Yongping fell to the Jin in early 1630, and the invaders captured some 22,000 taels as well as large amounts of food supplies.

[4] While the Jin had not managed to capture Beijing, they acquired significant amounts of war booty in the form of taels, grain, supplies, weapons, and captives.

[6] Among the rebels that popped up, Zhang Xianzhong and Li Zicheng would play major roles in the fall of the dynasty in the next 15 years.

When his family disowned him for getting into repeated fights with his peers, he joined the army, which sentenced him to death for breaking military law.

Zhang Xianzhong then joined the rebellion and followed Ma Shouying, who made him a petty officer and named him the "Yellow Tiger".

[6] Eventually hardship struck in the winter of 1631 and Zhang was forced to surrender with Luo Rucai, the first of several times he would do so out of expedience.

At some point Li became an outlaw for killing a man he was found in bed with his wife after returning from an extended business trip.