[3] Carbery made his senior competitive debut for Leinster on 18 March 2016, when he came off the bench in the province's 12–6 defeat during the 2015–16 Pro12 season at the hands of Glasgow Warriors.

[16] Carbery made his European debut for Munster on 13 October 2018, starting in the provinces 10–10 draw with Exeter Chiefs in Sandy Park and contributing five points off the kicking tee in the sides' opening 2018–19 Champions Cup fixture.

[17] One week later, in his first home European game for Munster, Carbery scored one try, four conversions, one penalty and won the Man-of-the-Match award in the provinces 36–22 win against Gloucester.

[20] Carbery scored 26 points, including two tries, five conversions and two penalties, and was Man-of-the-Match in Munster's 41–15 away win against English side Gloucester in round 5 of the Champions Cup on 11 January 2019.

[23] The ankle injury Carbery sustained whilst on international duty with Ireland at the 2019 Rugby World Cup was aggravated post-tournament, ruling him out for a number of games.

[32] In a further injury blow, Carbery suffered a fractured elbow in the final minutes of Munster opening 2021–22 Champions Cup fixture away to Wasps on 12 December 2021, which required surgery.

[34] Having missed the first leg of Munster's 2021–22 Champions Cup round of 16 fixture away to English club Exeter Chiefs due to injury, which the hosts won 13–8, Carbery returned for the second leg one week later on 16 April 2022 to score 21 points, including a try, two conversions and four penalties for a 100% return off the kicking tee, in the province's 26–10 home win, which secured a 34–23 aggregate win and a record-extending 19th Champions Cup quarter-final for Munster.

[41][42][43][44] Carbery made two appearances for Ireland during the 2019 Six Nations Championship, featuring off the bench in their opening 32–20 defeat against England on 2 February,[45] before coming on during the first-half to replace the injured Johnny Sexton to play a key role in Ireland's 22–13 win against Scotland one week later,[46] though a hamstring injury and the form of Connacht's Jack Carty prevented Carbery from gaining further playing time during the tournament.

[28] Carbery made his long-awaited international return in Ireland's mid-year test against Japan on 3 July 2021, starting for his country for the first time in 23 months[55] and scoring 14 points of the kicking tee in their 39–31 win.

[62] Following a hamstring injury to captain and first-choice fly-half Johnny Sexton, Carbery started in Ireland's 30–24 away defeat against France on 12 February, scoring three conversions and one penalty for a haul of nine points in a good personal performance.

[63][64] Carbery was retained as Ireland's starting fly-half in their 57–6 home win against Italy on 27 February, scoring a try and two conversion before being replaced by a fit-again Jonathan Sexton in the second-half.