Johann Christian Rosenmüller (25 May 1771 – 28 February 1820) was a German anatomist born near Hildburghausen, Thuringia.

In 1797 he earned his doctorate, and from 1802 until his death was a professor of anatomy and surgery at the University of Leipzig.

An avid speleologist, in 1794 he provided the binomial name of Ursus spelaeus for the extinct cave bear from his analysis of bones found near the village of Muggendorf.

He was the author of several treatises on anatomy and surgery, and has the following anatomical terms named after him:

This article about a German person in the field of medicine is a stub.