Johann Christoph Röhling (27 April 1757 – 19 December 1813) was a German botanist and clergyman who was a native of Gundernhausen, a town near Darmstadt.
He studied theology in Giessen, and later taught school in Frankfurt am Main.
He also published a work on mosses of Germany titled "Deutschlands Moose" (1800).
He was the taxonomic authority of the plant genus Melandrium (family Caryophyllaceae).
[1] The plant genus Roehlingia (family Dilleniaceae) was named after him by August Wilhelm Dennstedt.