Johann Gottlob Lehmann (4 August 1719 – 22 January 1767) was a German mineralogist and geologist noted for his work and research contributions to the geologic record leading to the development of stratigraphy.

[1] Living in Saxony, he developed an interest in the local mining industry, and published on the chemical composition of ore deposits.

He distinguished thirty successive bands of rock in the stratified system of Ilfeld and Mansfeld, and set forth the geological structure of that district in an accompanying series of diagrams and sections.

Many of the terms in his description of the Thuringian deposits were adopted by him from the miners, and have been retained in geological literature; for example, Zechstein or mine-stone, corresponding to the Magnesian Limestone and shales or Upper Dyassic group in England; and rothes Todtliegendes (Rothliegende) or red underlayer, the unproductive basement beds below the ore-bearing, and the equivalent of the Lower Dyassic.

[3] Lehmann died in Saint Petersburg from injuries caused by the explosion of a retort filled with arsenic.