Johann Julius Walbaum (30 June 1724 – 21 August 1799) was a German physician, naturalist and fauna taxonomist.

[1] As an ichthyologist, he was the first to describe many previously unknown fish species from remote parts of the globe, such as the Great Barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda), the Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) from the Kamchatka River in Siberia, and the curimatá-pacú (Prochilodus marggravii) from the São Francisco River in Brazil.

Walbaum was one of the first to observe gloves as a preventative against infection in medical surgery.

[2] The Natural History Museum in Lübeck, opened in 1893, was based on Walbaum's extensive scientific collection.

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