He succeeded his father Samuel Drese as Kapellmeister (capellmaster) at Weimar.
In 1702, he spent eight months in Italy studying composition.
Johann Wilhelm was vice-capellmaster from 1704 at Weimar and succeeded his father as capellmaster when he died in 1716.
Bach was promoted in 1714 to concertmaster, but the position ranked below capellmaster.For two years the three men shared responsibility for church music at the Schlosskirche (court chapel) with Bach writing a new cantata every month.
When the elder Drese died, Bach appears to have taken a dim view of Johann Wilhelm's promotion to capellmaster and sought employment elsewhere.