Educated at Perth Grammar School, Adamson proceeded early to the University of St Andrews, where subsequently he held the professorial chair of philosophy.
In March 1609, under patronage of King James VI, he was translated to the parish of Liberton, south of Edinburgh.
[3] In 1616, he sat on the Aberdeen General Assembly and was asked to draw up a liturgy and catechism specifically for children.
[3] In 1623, following Robert Boyd of Trochrig's resignation on grounds of ill-health, Adamson was appointed Principal of the University of Edinburgh, a post which he then held until his death in 1651.
His own works include Dioptrae Gloriae Divinae (1637), a commentary on Psalm XIX, and Methodus Religionis Christianae (1637).