In 1685 he married Lady Frances Cavendish, daughter of Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Lady Frances Pierrepont.
They had three children including John Campbell, 3rd Earl of Breadalbane and Holland.
On 19 March 1717 he succeeded his father as the 2nd Earl of Breadalbane and Holland.
He also could claim other titles such as the 6th Baronet Campbell of Glenorchy; 2nd Viscount of Tay and Paintland; and 2nd Lord Glenorchy, Benederaloch, Ormelie and Weick.
From 1725 to 1752 he was the Lord-Lieutenant of Perthshire and from 1736 to 1747 he held the office of Representative Peer.