John Chiene, CB, FRSE, FRCSEd (25 February 1843 – 29 May 1923) was a Scottish surgeon, who was Professor of Surgery at the University of Edinburgh during some of its most influential years.

He then studied medicine in various prestigious centres of learning: Paris, Berlin and Vienna before qualifying MD with honours at the University of Edinburgh in 1865.

[6] He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1874, his main proposer being Sir Robert Christison.

[10] In 1900 he is listed as living at 26 Charlotte Square, one of Edinburgh's most prestigious addresses, and the part of the central pavilion on the south side.

His life-long friend, Sir John Halliday Croom was also his neighbour, living at 25 Charlotte Square.

[2] Chiene retired to "Aithernie", a large villa in Davidson's Mains on the west side of Edinburgh.

He is buried in Dean Cemetery in western Edinburgh, just south-west of the main entrance with his wife Elizabeth Mary Lyall (1843-1932), and children, Fanny (d.1900) and George L. Chiene FRCSEd (1873-1951).