John Fleming FRS FRSE FLS (1747–17 May 1829)[1] was a British surgeon of the Indian Medical Service, naturalist, and politician.
Fleming studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh and joined the Indian Medical Service in August 1768 as an assistant surgeon in Bengal.
He served as the interim superintendent of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta after the death of Robert Kyd until William Roxburgh took over.
Fleming published A catalogue of Indian medicinal plants and drugs, with their names in the Hindustani and Sanscrit languages appeared in Asiatick Researches (11, 1810, 153–96).
He also conducted a long correspondence with Sir Joseph Banks including sending him plant samples such as Thibet (Tibet) Musk.