He was born in Christchurch and drew for the Canterbury Times (succeeding David Low), the Christchurch Star, the New Zealand Free Lance and the New Zealand Truth.
[1] He lived in England for several years from 1932, where he drew for the Evening Standard.
[2] During this time he also worked as a cartoonist for the British Union of Fascists and his work appeared in the movement's newspapers Fascist Week and The Blackshirt until 1935.
[3] He returned to New Zealand in the late 1930s, again working for Truth and the Star.
He went on to become the cartoonist for the Labour Party weekly the New Zealand Worker.