John Henry Raney (September 28, 1849 – January 23, 1928) was a U.S. Representative from Missouri.

Born in Gravelton, Missouri, Raney attended Union School, Des Arc, Missouri, and Woods School, Virginia Settlement, Missouri.He studied law and served as judge of the county court of Wayne County in 1880–1882.

He also engaged in agricultural pursuits and as a stock raiser and served as prosecuting attorney of Wayne County in 1882–1888.

He was one of the board of regents of the State normal school, Cape Girardeau, Missouri from 1893 to 1895.

He was an unsuccessful candidate for circuit judge of the twenty-first judicial district in 1898.