[5] The next year his father died, placing him in deep economic strain, and his mother was forced to turn her home into a boardinghouse.

[7] At the battle of Chapultepec, Winder was responsible for attacking the Military Academy that was defended by Felipe Xicoténcatl and a few hundred cadets.

[7] While Winder's forces succeeded in either killing and capturing many of the cadets, that battle became a key part of Mexico's patriotic lore known as the Niños Héroes.

In 1947, President Harry S. Truman on a visit to Mexico City made an unscheduled stop at the stone monument to the child heroes.

In front of Mexican cadets standing at attention, Truman placed a floral wreath helping to heal the century old wound.

[3] On March 1, 1862, Jefferson Davis declared martial law in Richmond and appointed Winder provost marshal general.

[10] Winder designated Samuel B. Maccubbin chief of detectives and gave him a force of Plug Uglies imported from Baltimore to police the population of Richmond.

[12] By October 1864 newspapers reported the crime rate in Richmond exceeded the worst days of Baltimore or New York and much of the blame went to the corrupt police force.

[3] The assignment to run prisons in the South during the Civil War was a difficult job at best, hampered by the Confederacy's poor supply system combined with diminishing resources.

In their post-war writings, some of the high level leaders of the Confederate government voiced the difficulties of Winder's assignment, saying:[16] ...President Davis, Secretary Seddon, and Adjutant Cooper declared that he was a much-maligned man.

Military historian Ezra J. Warner believes these charges were without merit, saying, "Winder adopted every means at his command to assure that the prisoners received the same ration as did Confederate soldiers in the field, scanty as that allotment was.

"[17][18] McElroy claims that on July 27, 1864, Winder issued an order that if Union troops (under General Stoneman) were to come within seven miles of Andersonville, the guards were to "open upon the Stockade [i.e. upon the prisoners] with grapeshot, without reference to the situation beyond these lines of defense.

[25] In 1965, a sign recognizing Winder was erected in Salisbury, Maryland, near the intersection of U.S. Business 13 and U.S. 50 where a historically Black neighborhood was razed in 1950s to make room for the highways.