John Howland Rowe (June 10, 1918 – May 1, 2004) was an American archaeologist and anthropologist known for his extensive research on Peru, especially on the Inca civilization.
After graduating he traveled to Peru where he undertook archaeological research and taught until 1943.
From 1946 to 1948 he studied the Guambía people in Colombia for the Smithsonian Institution, returning briefly to Harvard in 1946 to complete his doctorate in Latin American history and anthropology in 1947.
A prolific writer, Rowe authored more than 300 publications in English and Spanish between 1940 and 2005.
He became a lifelong friend of the Andean explorers Vince Lee and his wife Nancy.