A native of Fredericktown, Missouri, Schulte batted left-handed, threw right-handed and was listed as 5 feet 11 inches (1.80 m) tall and 190 pounds (86 kg).

In Chicago, he was a reserve catcher on the 1929 National League champions and played under Joe McCarthy, whom he would later serve as a longtime coach.

He coached 15 full seasons (1934–48) in the Bronx,[2] serving under Bill Dickey, Johnny Neun and Bucky Harris after McCarthy's retirement in May 1946.

The Yankees won seven World Series titles and eight American League pennants during Schulte's decade and a half as a coach.

He coached in minor league baseball for the Yankees' Kansas City Blues Triple-A affiliate before returning to scouting with the Cleveland Indians.