These techniques are used by a variety of health care professionals with specific training in manual therapy assessment and treatment techniques.
The International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Physical Therapists defines joint mobilization as "a manual therapy technique comprising a continuum of skilled passive movements that are applied at varying speeds and amplitudes to joints, muscles or nerves with the intent to restore optimal motion, function, and/or to reduce pain.
"[1] The APTA Guide to Physical Therapist Practice defines mobilization/manipulation as "a manual therapy technique comprised of a continuum of skilled passive movements that are applied at varying speeds and amplitudes, including a small amplitude/high velocity therapeutic movement.
"[2] Joint mobilization is classified by the Australian physiotherapist Geoffrey Douglas Maitland into five 'grades' of motion, each of which describes the range of motion of the target joint during the procedure.
The different grades of manipulation are known to produce selective activation of different mechanoreceptors in the joint.