Jonval turbine

Mixed-flow designs were well suited for the low-head applications common in the eastern United States.

The smaller size, higher speed, higher power, lower cost, and ability to operate efficiently with variable water levels caused these and other types of hydraulic turbines to replace the vertical waterwheel as the primary source of power in American industries.

[6] This new turbine failed to satisfy the public interest in seeing the water wheels in action, which was likely accepted as a minor drawback at that time.

Burnham, an American turbine manufacturer, patented numerous improved designs in the second half of 19th century.

His turbines had greater efficiency than the Jonval, especially at partial gate, and fewer maintenance problems.

A Jonval turbine, built in 1885. It was in service for about 100 years in a Geneva pump station, where energy in the form of pressurized water was produced for the local industry. Over pressure in the network was released through the world-famous Jet d'Eau . In total, 17 such turbines were operating in the pump station. [ 1 ]