Josef Nesvadba (19 June 1926 – 26 April 2005) was a Czech writer, best known in the English-speaking world for his science fiction short stories, many of which have appeared in English translation.

His stories typically revolved around such issues as human weakness and divided personalities, with a tendency toward dark humor, irony, and satire, as in "Vampires, Ltd.", in which a car runs on blood.

In the 1970s, he began to move away from science fiction, which was likely inevitable, as his main interests diverged somewhat from Western views of the genre.

Some of his stories were made into movies, including Death of Tarzan, The Half-wit of Xeenemunde, Vampires, Ltd., and Tomorrow I'll Wake Up and Scald Myself with Tea.

Nesvadba's work directed satirical barbs at the communist government of Czechoslovakia, as he had little faith in the grandiose dreams of 20th-century Communism.