Joseph-Alfred Archambeault (May 23, 1859 – April 25, 1913) was a Roman Catholic priest and bishop in Canada.

He published a letter against a book that criticised the Catholic Church's opposition to the theory of evolution, and threatened to excommunicate its author.

[1] Archambeault returned to Canada and taught philosophy at Collège de L’Assomption from 1885 to 1888.

He moved to Montreal in 1888 to be the vice-chancellor to archbishop Édouard-Charles Fabre, and was promoted as chancellor in 1892.

He started teaching natural law at Université Laval in 1888 and was the university's rector from 1902-1904.

He required candidates for the priesthood to study for three years at the Grand Séminaire and created Collège Joliette.

[1] In 1911 a doctor named Albert Laurendeau[2] published a book criticising the Catholic Church's opposition to the theory of evolution.