A student of Louis-Antoine Ranvier, he served as professor of anatomy and histology at the faculty of medicine in Lyons.
In 1869 he became an interne des hôpitaux and continued to study under Victor André Cornil and Louis-Antoine Ranvier.
In 1874 he submitted a thesis on erysipelas and earned two medal in 1876 and then became director of the pathology laboratory at the Charité Hospital, Paris.
In 1877 he became head of anatomy and histology at Lyons where he taught for forty years while also working at the Croix-Rousse, Perron, and Hôtel-Dieu hospitals.
[1][2][3] Renaut also wrote a poetry work Ombres Colorées under the pen name Sylvain de Saulnay in 1906 and received an award from the Latin and French.