Joseph-Octave Beaubien (March 22, 1824 – November 7, 1877) was a Quebec physician and political figure.

He was elected to represent Montmagny in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada in 1857, 1861 and 1863; he was reelected after Confederation.

He was also named to the Legislative Council of Quebec for La Durantaye division in 1867 and served until his death.

He was the nephew of Pierre Beaubien, who had also been a member in the Legislative Assembly from Canada East.

His daughter, Caroline-Alix, married Jules-Joseph-Taschereau Frémont, who later became a member of the House of Commons.