Joseph John O'Brien (October 9, 1897 – January 23, 1953) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from New York.

After his World War I service, O'Brien was employed by the New York Central Railroad from 1919 until 1938, and advanced to the position of chief construction inspector.

He served as treasurer of East Rochester, New York from 1932 until 1935 and assessor from 1935 until 1938.

After leaving Congress, O'Brien was the Rochester area administrator for the state Workmen's Compensation Act.

He died in Rochester, New York after suffering a series of heart attacks beginning in 1950.