Joseph Kemp Toole (May 12, 1851 – March 11, 1929) was a Democratic politician from Montana.

Toole was the first Governor of Montana[7] (the only Democrat on the ticket that year to be elected), serving from November 8, 1889, until January 1, 1893.

He served as the fourth Governor of Montana from January 7, 1901, until April 1, 1908, when he resigned because of ill health.

During his tenure, county treasurers were authorized to collect taxes on personal property, and there was legislation to ensure mine safety and mineworker protection.

[8] During retirement, Toole divided his time between his home in Helena and San Francisco, California, until his death on March 11, 1929, at the age of 77.