Joshua Babcock (1707 – 1783) was an American physician, military officer and judge.

Babcock joined John Brown, Nicholas Brown, William Ellery, Stephen Hopkins, the Reverend James Manning, the Reverend Ezra Stiles and several others as an original fellow or trustee for the chartering of the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.

During the American Revolution, Babcock served as the major general in command of the state militia, beginning in October 1775, and hosted General George Washington while serving in that capacity in 1776.

He was relieved as militia commander in December 1776 by Major General Joseph Nightingale.

[5] Babcock's home in Westerly, the Babcock-Smith House, has been preserved and restored and is open to the public.