Yehoshua Blau, also spelled Joshua (Hebrew: יהושע בלאו; 22 September 1919 – 20 October 2020) was an Israeli scholar of Arabic language and literature, previously Professor Emeritus at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

His doctoral studies were interrupted by the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, during which he served in the Israel Defense Forces in an intelligence unit.

Prior to his academic career, he taught at high schools and published several Hebrew grammars.

Even after his retirement, he remained a professor emeritus and informally guided graduate students into his late 90s.

He was an active member of the Academy of the Hebrew Language since the 1950s and served as its president from 1981 to 1993.