Yehoshua Blau, also spelled Joshua (Hebrew: יהושע בלאו; 22 September 1919 – 20 October 2020) was an Israeli scholar of Arabic language and literature, previously Professor Emeritus at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

His doctoral studies were interrupted by the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, during which he served in the Israel Defense Forces in an intelligence unit.

Prior to his academic career, he taught at high schools and published several Hebrew grammars.

Even after his retirement, he remained a professor emeritus and informally guided graduate students into his late 90s.

Blau was elected as a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities in 1968.