Josie Billie (12 December 1887 – 26 February 1980) was a Mikasuki-speaking Seminole medicine man, doctor, and Baptist preacher.

[5] Josie Billie (Katcha Nokofti)[6] was born on December 12, 1887[7] to Connie Pajo (Ko-nip-ha-tco)[8] and Little Nancy Osceola.

[5] In 1944, when anthropologist Robert Greenlee conducted fieldwork among the Mikasuki-speaking Seminoles, the Panther clan (to which Billie belonged) was headed by medicine men.

[9] Josie Billie also referred those with severe illnesses to "Dr. Pender of the Everglades City," as noted in Greenlee's article "Medicine and curing practices of the modern Florida Seminoles" published in the American Anthropologist.

[12] Because of his role as a prominent medicine man, Josie Billie acted as the spokesman for the Big Cypress Reservation in 1944 when the Seminole wanted separated cattle trustees.

[12] Josie Billie actively collaborated with American anthropologists on research related to Seminole culture, following his father's work and his role as medicine man.

[3] Josie Billie first worked with Frances Densmore, an ethnomusicologist from the Bureau of American Ethnology, to study Muskogee- and Mikasuki-speaking groups.

Billie worked as an informant for Robert Greenlee, providing interpretations of different ceremonies, including the Green Corn Dance and traditional medicine and folktales.

MacCauley had learned earlier from Billie's father that it was believed that Jesus Christ descended at Cape Florida and gave the koonti root to the Seminole.

[8] Billie also worked with Ethel Cutler Freeman, an amateur Seminole specialist from the American Museum of Natural History.

Freeman first visited the Big Cypress Reservation on behalf of the American Museum of Natural History and began a longer period of fieldwork with the Seminoles in winter of 1940.

Robert Solenberger recorded field notes for anthropologist Frank G. Speck in December 1940, including conversations with Josie Billie related to Seminole language, myth, and customs.

Beyond his work with American anthropologists, Josie Billie also participated in the Florida Folk Festival, which was founded in 1953 and still exists today.

[7] Billie's role as an informant for these American anthropologists and participant in this festival facilitated access to traditional Seminole folk songs, myths, and medical knowledge.

[16] Stanley Smith was an Oklahoma Creek Baptist minister who facilitated the conversion of many Seminole to Christianity at Big Cypress, where Josie Billie lived.

[11] Baptist, English-speaking cattle owners dominated the political hierarchy of the Seminole Tribe of Florida from its formation in 1957 through the 1970s.

[11] The Seminole continued to live in southern Florida on four main reservations: Hollywood, Big Cypress, Brighton, and the Tamiami Trail.