Joule Unlimited

The company developed a process to generate hydrocarbon-based fuel by combining non-fresh water, nutrients, cyanobacteria, carbon dioxide, and sunlight.

After ten years of operation and building a demonstration plant in New Mexico, the company shut down in August 2017.

The company claimed it would be able to produce more than 20,000 gallons of fuel per acre per year (19,000 m3/km2/annum)[2] in almost refined form using carbon dioxide waste from industrial processes and desert land.

In addition to its founders, Joule's Board of Directors included Graham Allison, Anatoly Chubais, Stelios Papadopoulos, Caroline Dorsa, and Ruben Vardanian.

[9] Joule's Scientific Advisory Board includes synthetic biologists George M. Church and Jim Collins.

Helioculture combines brackish water (or graywater ), nutrients, photosynthetic organisms, carbon dioxide, and sunlight to create fuel.