The Journal of Earth System Science is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering Earth system science.

It was established in 1978 and is published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of the Indian Academy of Sciences.

The editor-in-chief is Prof. Somnath Dasgupta (Emeritus Professor).

The journal was originally part of the Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences.

In 2005, Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Earth and Planetary Sciences) was renamed as Journal of Earth System Science.