Doctor Juan Jiménez de Montalvo (born 1551, Olmedo, Castile) was an oidor (judge) of the Royal Audiencia of Lima, and briefly in 1621 and 1622, interim viceroy of Peru.
According to his biographer Manuel Moreyra y Paz Soldán, Juan Jiménez de Montalvo was a native of Olmedo, in Old Castile.
As the senior member of the Audiencia, Jiménez de Montalvo took the reins of government as interim viceroy.
He served as acting viceroy for seven months, until the arrival of Diego Fernández de Córdoba, Marquis of Guadalcázar.
During this time he presided over the ceremonies for the proclamation of King Philip IV of Spain and the swearing of allegiance to the new monarch.