Mubarak effectively built the modern Kuwaiti state, establishing the tax system, trade levies, a customs administration, and the provision of social services.
[1] Political institutions were built in Kuwait in large part due to exit vetoes exercised by merchants on Mubarak.
This arrangement has allowed the ruling family "to maintain power without making substantial political concessions.
Relations with Iraq have been complex due to historical conflicts, but recent efforts have focused on reconciliation and cooperation.
The country also enjoys a robust strategic partnership with the United States, underscored by defense cooperation and extensive economic ties.
Additionally, Kuwait has developed strong relations with European countries, focusing on trade, investment, and cultural exchanges.