A shido (指導; literally "guidance" or "instruction") is awarded for minor rule infringements.
The penalty of hansoku make (反則負け; literally "foul-play loss") is awarded for major rule infringements, or for accumulating three shidos.
If hansoku make is awarded for a major rule infringement, it results not just in loss of the match, but in expulsion from the tournament.
The official International Judo Federation (IJF) rules related to the provision of medical treatment and to the proper handling of situations involving illness or injury are relatively long and involved, since the exact nature and cause of an injury may itself affect the awarding of the match, and since receiving some types of medical treatment, but not others, automatically ends the match.
Proper procedure is stuffing cotton balls up the nostrils, while applying tape around the head.
If a contestant is rendered unconscious without a choking technique, and is unable to wake up, the medical team has to take immediate action and they can't wait for the contestant's consent; he or she forfeits the match automatically.