The terrain of the province is mainly arid and semi-desertic across the different areas, except for the El Ramal valley of the San Francisco River.

Temperature difference between day and night is wider in higher lands, and precipitation is scarce outside the temperate area of the San Francisco River.

[6] Colonial forces fought the resistance by the indigenous Calchaquíes and Omaguacas, so that the European population eventually consolidated in the village.

With the separation from Peru and the creation of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, Jujuy lost its importance and its population started to diminish.

During the May Revolution and the battles for the independence of the United provinces of the South, many confrontations took place in Jujuy because the Spanish concentrated their forces in Peru.

Jujuy started a gradual process of economic and social improvement, and at the end of the 19th century the sugarcane industry arose.

Argentina is the world's second largest lithium brine producer[12] which is located in Jujuy (e. g. Salar de Olaroz and Salinas Grandes mines).

The so-called Lithium Triangle, consisting of NW Argentina, Bolivia and NE Chile holds more than half the world's supply.

The Horacio Guzmán International Airport, 34 km from San Salvador, connects the province with Buenos Aires, Córdoba, and some destinations in Bolivia.

Apart from the fantastic contrast of land colours and formations, tourists are attracted also by the strong aboriginal roots in the culture of Jujuy.

Salta wineries growing in popularity have attracted tourists, combining province traditions with "cosmopolitan culture".